Appeals and Motions to Modify the Divorce Judgment
After a divorce becomes final -- whether through settlement agreement or after a court decision -- either spouse may still have an opportunity to challenge certain decisions made by the court, or change certain rights and obligations set out in the final divorce judgment.
Appeals
Either or both spouses can appeal a trial court judge's decision to a higher ("appellate" or "appeals") court, but it is unusual for an appeals court to overturn a judge's decision in a divorce case. Nevertheless, the following paragraphs contain an overview of the appeals process.
The main form of argument on appeal is the written appellate "brief," filed by counsel for each party. A brief is a document containing a legal argument, supported with reference to applicable case law and statutes With this brief, the party that was given an unfavorable ruling in the trial court will argue that the trial court judge incorrectly applied the law in making a decision. The opposing party will argue that the trial court's decision was correct. The lawyers for the parties submit their briefs to the court and may be granted oral argument.
Appeals court decisions usually turn on the "record," a written version of what happened in the trial court. The success of an appeal therefore usually depends on what occurred at trial; new evidence may not ordinarily be introduced on appeal. Once an appeals court has made its decision, the opportunity for further appeals is limited.
Also, remember that settlement agreements usually cannot be appealed if both spouses agreed to the terms of the settlement. So, if you and your former spouse reach a settlement agreement on issues such as property division and appropriate child support payments, and that settlement agreement is approved and finalized by the judge, you are most likely stuck with the terms of that agreement. You may be able to ask the court to modify any judgment arising from the settlement agreement, however (more on this in the next section).
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